In a unanimous decision, the Full Federal Court has confirmed that genetic materials in their isolated form remain patentable in Australia. The decision related to an appeal from an earlier Federal Court decision in which it was found isolated nucleic acids to be a ‘manner of manufacture’ as required by Australia’s patent legislation and therefore patentable subject matter. The latest decision did not deal with policy, social or moral reasons as to whether nucleic acids or genes should be patentable which, as the court noted, has been considered by the Australian Law Reform Commission and the Australian Parliament. Partner Dr Trevor Davies and Associate Dr Tony Shaw provide an overview of the decision and its implications for patentees, patients, the biotechnology industry and the Australian medical research community.