The man who drove a stolen car through Bourke Street mall, killing six people and seriously injuring 27 in 2017, was sentenced by the Victorian Supreme Court on 22 February 2019. Justice Weinberg called it one of the ‘worst examples of mass murder’ in Australia’s history and ordered James Gargasoulas to serve six concurrent life … Continue reading Gargasoulas Sentenced For Bourke St Killings →

The post Gargasoulas Sentenced For Bourke St Killings appeared first on Go To Court Lawyers.

Today primary and secondary school students around the world walked out of school to demand action on climate change. Inspired by Swedish activist Greta Thunberg, the 16-year-old who organised the first student strike over climate change in August 2018, the students striking in Australia made three specific demands to the Morrison government:

Stop the Adani coalmine in Southern Queensland
No new coal or gas
100% renewables by 2030

These demands are more ambitious that the targets set by either of the major parties and even demand more rapid change than what is proposed by the Greens, who have set the goal of 100% renewables by 2040.
The Paris Agreement
On 12 December 2015, parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) came to an agreement to combat climate change and to take steps to secure a low carbon future. The Paris Agreement aims to keep the global temperature rise this century below two degrees celsius above pre-industrial levels. It is the first legally binding global climate agreement.
Parties to the Paris Agreement agreed on:

A long-term goal of keeping the global average temperature rise to below 2 degrees celsius above pre-industrial levels;
An aim to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees as this would limit the impacts of climate change;
The need for global emissions to peak as soon as possible;
Undertaking rapid reductions thereafter.

Developments since the Paris Agreement
Donald Trump has stated the US will pull out of the Paris Agreement. However, this process will take several years. The federal  Department of Environment and Energy recently announced that Australia is on track to meet its Paris Agreement targets five years early.
However, Climate Tracker reports that have been published since the Paris Agreement was signed indicate that its target of keeping the average global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius is very unlikely to be met. New reports indicate that even if all signatory countries fulfill their pledges to curb greenhouse gas emissions, global temperatures are still likely to rise by 3.2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by the end of the century. This will mean that risks of wildfire, crop failure, and sea level rise will be magnified.
The student strike over climate change called for the government to do more to counter climate change. Students cited the Adani mine, new oil and gas developments and achieving the goal of zero carbon emission by 2030 as priorities.
Australia’s climate change targets
Australia is responsible for around 1.3 per cent of global carbon emissions.
The Australian government has committed to reducing carbon emissions to 26 – 28% of 2005 levels by 2030, which is a reduction of 50-52% emissions per capita. It has set a target of reaching 51% renewable energy by 2050. This target has been criticised as inadequate by Labor, which sets its own climate change target at 50% renewables by 2030. The Greens target is zero emissions by 2040.
Responses to the student strike over climate change
Politicians and others have criticised the students for skipping school in order to protest, with some taking the view that the student strike over climate change was motivated by young people wanting a day off. However, the students have asserted their right to protest and the necessity of young people taking action where governments have failed. 15-year-old Jean Hinchcliffe, who organised the Sydney protest was quoted in The Guardian as saying, “The amount of experience you gain from (protesting) and learning to mobilise and participate in democracy I think is far more worthwhile than any history lesson.”
More than 1,000 academics, teachers and researchers signed an open letter in support of the student strike over climate change. Politicians and others expressed their support for the students’ action on social media.
Event organisers estimated 20,000 people attended the Melbourne protest. The number of young people involved in protests across the country is believed to be double the number who participated in the day of action in November 2018.
If you require legal advice or representation in any legal matter, contact Go To Court Lawyers.
The post Student Strike Over Climate Change appeared first on Go To Court Lawyers.

Cardinal George Pell was  sentenced today by the Victorian County Court for historical child sex offences. He received a total effective sentence of six years imprisonment with a non-parole period of three years and eight months. The offences occurred in St Patrick’s Cathedral in Melbourne in 1996 and 1997 and the victims were two 13-year-old boys. Cardinal Pell was found guilty by a jury on 11 December 2018.
Pell was sentenced by Judge Kidd, who noted that the defendant was being sentenced in a unique context. He is a Cardinal of the Catholic Church and when charged was one of the most senior figures in the Catholic Church globally. There has been extraordinary public interest in the case and in some sections of the community, Pell has been publicly vilified. In recent years, institutional sexual abuse has been exposed more broadly within the Catholic Church and other institutions.
The judge noted that he was required to sentence Pell in accordance with the law and independent of any outside influences. He emphasized that the Cardinal was being sentenced only for the sexual abuse of two boys in the 1990s and not for any other conduct or failings. He asserted that the sentence handed down could not be a vindication of the trauma of victims of institutional sexual abuse. He condemned the ‘lynch mob’ mentality adopted by members of the public in relation to Pell. He stated that Pell was being sentenced as a member of the community like any other, who is entitled to justice.
Circumstances of the offending
Pell was sentenced for offences against two choirboys who sang during Sunday mass.
In late 1996, as the choir was proceeding out of the cathedral, the two victims left the procession and went to the priest’s sacristy, which was off limits to drink the sacramental wine. Pell entered the sacristy, which was where he disrobed after mass. After saying something along the lines of, ‘You’re in trouble’ to the victims, he forced the first victim to perform oral sex on him whilst the boy was struggling and calling out for help. He then forced his penis into the second victim’s mouth, proceeding to commit further indecent acts on the second victim, including touching the victim’s genitals and his own. At some point he told the victims to be quiet because they were crying.
Over a month later, the second victim was walking along the back corridor of the cathedral when he encountered Cardinal Pell.  Pell pushed the victim up against the wall and squeezed his genitals.
Seriousness of the offending
Judge Kidd found that the offending had a profound effect on the lives of the victims and of their families. He found the offending was brazen and graphic and involved a serious breach of trust. It continued dispute the fact the victims were clearly distressed. The second episode occurred some time after the first, when Pell had had the opportunity to reflect on his actions.
The judge noted that there was no evidence that Pell was anything other than a fully functioning, competent and intelligent man at the time of the offending. He found that the Cardinal made a reasoned decision to offend, confident that the boys would not complain. He found that Pell was in a position of trust in relation to the boys, as an adult working in an institution where he had unsupervised contact with children. The choir boys were expected to show reverence in his presence. There was a stark imbalance of power between them and Pell. Pell offended whilst in his role as Archbishop in abuse of his power and authority.
Pell continued to maintain his innocence after being found guilty and was therefore accorded no reduction of his sentence for remorse or contrition. He had no prior convictions and had committed no further offences since these ones.  He had provided numerous character reference to the court, attesting to his compassion and generosity and his service to vulnerable members of the community. These were not challenged. Judge Kidd found that Pell was of otherwise good character and that the two incidents were isolated offending.
Pell’s circumstances
Pell was sentenced with consideration of his advanced age and the fact that any time he spent in custody would amount to a significant portion of his remaining life. The judge noted there was a real possibility the Cardinal would die in prison. Pell also has significant health issues, with cardiac problems, hypertension and congestive heart failure. Some of these conditions were likely, according to his doctors, to be aggravated by stress.
Judge Kidd found the Cardinal was unlikely to reoffend. Accordingly, he found that specific deterrence had no role to play in the sentencing exercise. He accepted that Pell had been subjected to public scorn and stress and would be unable to resume his prior life because of the proceedings. His Honour found that some allowance should be made for this.
The Judge accepted that Pell had been assessed as ‘at immediate risk of serious threat’ in prison and would be given protection status upon entering prison, which may or may not be changed after time.
Principles on which Pell was sentenced
Judge Kidd found that general deterrence was relevant at sentencing and stated that an unequivocal message must be sent to would-be child offenders. Pell had been found guilty of indecent acts with a child under 16, which carries a maximum penalty of 10 years imprisonment and of sexual penetration with a child under 16, which now carries a maximum of 15 years (but carried a maximum of 10 years at the time of the offending).  Pell must be sentenced according to the sentencing practices at the time of the offending. However, he must also be sentenced with consideration to the greater understanding that now exists of the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse.
Cardinal Pell was sentenced as a Serious Sexual Offender. He was registered as a sex offender and required to report as such for life. The court ordered a shorter non-parole period than it would ordinarily have done in consideration of his age. It sentenced him to a total effective sentence of six years, with a non-parole period of three years and eight months, backdated to the day he went into custody.
If you require legal advice or representation in a criminal law matter or in any other legal matter, please contact Go To Court Lawyers.
The post Cardinal Pell Was Sentenced Today appeared first on Go To Court Lawyers.